It is more complex than the previous washing process and system. So far, the theoretical circle still has only theoretical research on it, but it is difficult to achieve data control for the washing process. This is because the solution system is a heterogeneous dispersion system.

分散介质又是含有各式各样组分的复杂溶液：体系中涉及的表面和界面，以及污垢的性质都极为复杂。

Dispersion medium is a complex solution containing various components: the surface and interface involved in the system and the properties of dirt are very complex.

超声波清洗机所用的清洗剂多为液体洗涤剂，组成模式为：表面活性剂、赘合剂、其他助剂。某物质当其溶于水即使浓度很小时，能显著降低水同空气的表面张力，或水同其他物质的界面张力，则该物质称为表面活性剂。水溶性表面活性剂的分子结构都具有不对称的、极性的特点。分子中同时具有亲水基和亲油基，由于这种不对称的极性结构，表面活性剂被定向吸附在水溶液同其他相的界面上，这样大大改变了体系的物理性质，特别是各相界面的界面张力。

Most of the cleaning agents used in the ultrasonic cleaning machine are liquid detergents, and the composition mode is surfactant, superfluous agent and other additives. When a substance is dissolved in water, even if the concentration is very small, it can significantly reduce the surface tension between water and air, or the interfacial tension between water and other substances, the substance is called surfactant. The molecular structures of water-soluble surfactants are asymmetric and polar. There are both hydrophilic and lipophilic groups in the molecule. Due to this asymmetric polar structure, the surfactant is directionally adsorbed on the interface between the aqueous solution and other phases, which greatly changes the physical properties of the system, especially the interfacial tension of each phase interface.

根据表面活性剂溶于水时亲水基团所表现出来的电性，可把表面活性剂分为阴离子、阳离子、中性及两性表面活性剂。

According to the electrical properties of hydrophilic groups when surfactants are dissolved in water, surfactants can be divided into anionic, cationic, neutral and amphoteric surfactants.

某些助剂的加入，再起到以下作用：

The addition of some additives plays the following roles:

1、缓冲作用：使洗涤剂的PH值能维持稳定。

1. Buffering effect: keep the pH value of detergent stable.

2、对金属的抗腐蚀作用。

2. Corrosion resistance to metals.

3、能增加洗涤剂的乳化能力和乳化稳定性。

3. It can increase the emulsifying capacity and emulsifying stability of detergent.

4、可使溶液具有很好的悬浮能力和稳定悬浮系统的能力，可防止污垢再次沉降。表面活性剂、螫合剂、助剂的选择原则：(1)组成的洗涤剂具有较强的清洗能力；

4. It can make the solution have good suspension capacity and the ability to stabilize the suspension system, and prevent the re settlement of dirt. The selection principles of surfactants, chelating agents and additives: (1) the detergent composed has strong cleaning ability;

(2)化学性质柔和，不损伤被洗物；

(2) The chemical property is soft and does not damage the washed object;

(3)组分之间不发生化学作用而使组分失效；

(3) There is no chemical action between the components to make the components invalid;

(4)具有良好的漂清性。配制洗涤液的使用温度及浓度应由具体实验确定。

(4) It has good bleaching property. The use temperature and concentration of the prepared washing solution shall be determined by specific experiments.