超声波清洗机是利用超声波在液体中的空化作用来达到清洗目的。当超声波通过清洗液时，会使液体内部产生无数微小的气泡，这些气泡在超声波的作用下迅速生长、膨胀，然后突然闭合。在气泡闭合的瞬间，会产生高达上千个大气压的冲击力，形成微观的 “爆炸” 效果，这种现象被称为空化作用。空化作用产生的强大冲击力能够将附着在物体表面的污垢、油脂、颗粒等杂质迅速剥离，使物体表面得到高效清洁。例如，在清洗精密电子零件时，空化作用可以深入到零件的细微缝隙和孔洞中，去除难以触及部位的污垢。

Ultrasonic cleaning machine uses the cavitation effect of ultrasonic waves in liquid to achieve cleaning purposes. When ultrasonic waves pass through the cleaning solution, countless tiny bubbles are generated inside the liquid, which rapidly grow, expand, and then suddenly close under the action of ultrasonic waves. At the moment when the bubble closes, an impact force of up to thousands of atmospheres is generated, forming a microscopic "explosion" effect, which is called cavitation. The powerful impact force generated by cavitation can quickly remove impurities such as dirt, grease, and particles attached to the surface of an object, enabling efficient cleaning of the surface. For example, when cleaning precision electronic components, cavitation can penetrate into the tiny gaps and holes of the parts, removing dirt from hard to reach areas.

结构组成

Structural composition

超声波发生器：这是超声波清洗机的核心部件之一，它的作用是将工频交流电转换为高频交流电信号，为换能器提供合适的能量。发生器内部通常包含振荡电路、功率放大电路等，能够精确控制输出的超声波频率和功率。不同类型的清洗任务可能需要不同频率和功率的超声波，发生器可以根据需求进行调节。

Ultrasonic generator: This is one of the core components of an ultrasonic cleaning machine. Its function is to convert power frequency alternating current into high-frequency alternating current signals, providing appropriate energy for the transducer. The generator usually contains oscillation circuits, power amplification circuits, etc., which can accurately control the output ultrasonic frequency and power. Different types of cleaning tasks may require ultrasonic waves of different frequencies and powers, and the generator can be adjusted according to the requirements.

超声波换能器：也叫超声波振子，它的功能是将超声波发生器输出的高频电信号转换为机械振动，也就是超声波。换能器一般由压电陶瓷材料制成，当电信号作用于压电陶瓷时，陶瓷会产生伸缩变形，从而产生超声波。换能器通常安装在清洗槽的底部或侧面，确保超声波能够均匀地传播到清洗液中。

Ultrasonic transducer: also known as ultrasonic oscillator, its function is to convert the high-frequency electrical signal output by the ultrasonic generator into mechanical vibration, that is, ultrasonic waves. Transducers are generally made of piezoelectric ceramic materials. When an electrical signal is applied to the piezoelectric ceramic, the ceramic will undergo expansion and contraction deformation, thereby generating ultrasonic waves. Transducers are usually installed at the bottom or side of the cleaning tank to ensure that ultrasonic waves can propagate evenly into the cleaning solution.

清洗槽：用于盛放清洗液和待清洗的物品，通常由不锈钢等耐腐蚀材料制成。清洗槽的形状和尺寸根据不同的应用场景和清洗需求而有所差异，有方形、圆形等多种形状，容积从几升到几百升不等。清洗槽的底部和侧面会安装换能器，有些还配备了加热装置、温控系统和排水装置等。

Cleaning tank: used to hold cleaning solution and items to be cleaned, usually made of corrosion-resistant materials such as stainless steel. The shape and size of the cleaning tank vary depending on different application scenarios and cleaning needs, with various shapes such as square and circular, and capacities ranging from a few liters to several hundred liters. Transducers are installed at the bottom and sides of the cleaning tank, and some are also equipped with heating devices, temperature control systems, and drainage devices.

控制系统：用于控制超声波清洗机的各种运行参数，如超声波的频率、功率、清洗时间、温度等。现代的超声波清洗机通常采用微电脑控制系统，操作界面简洁直观，用户可以根据清洗物品的材质、污垢程度等因素，方便地设置清洗参数。控制系统还可能具备故障报警功能，当设备出现异常情况时，能够及时提醒用户进行处理。

Control system: used to control various operating parameters of the ultrasonic cleaning machine, such as ultrasonic frequency, power, cleaning time, temperature, etc. Modern ultrasonic cleaning machines usually use microcomputer control systems with simple and intuitive operation interfaces. Users can easily set cleaning parameters based on factors such as the material and degree of dirt of the cleaning items. The control system may also have a fault alarm function, which can promptly remind users to handle abnormal situations when the equipment occurs.

类型分类

Type classification

按清洗方式分类：

Classified by cleaning method:

浸入式超声波清洗机：这是最常见的类型，将待清洗物品完全浸入装有清洗液的清洗槽中，超声波在清洗液中传播，直接作用于物品表面进行清洗。适用于各种形状和材质的物品，如机械零件、电子元件、光学镜片等。

Immersion ultrasonic cleaning machine: This is the most common type, which completely immerses the item to be cleaned into a cleaning tank filled with cleaning solution. Ultrasonic waves propagate in the cleaning solution and directly act on the surface of the item for cleaning. Suitable for items of various shapes and materials, such as mechanical parts, electronic components, optical lenses, etc.

喷淋式超声波清洗机：通过喷头将含有超声波的清洗液喷淋到待清洗物品上，利用超声波和喷淋的双重作用进行清洗。这种类型适用于大型物品或表面形状复杂、难以完全浸入清洗液的物品，如汽车零部件、大型模具等。

Spray type ultrasonic cleaning machine: The cleaning solution containing ultrasonic waves is sprayed onto the items to be cleaned through a nozzle, using the dual effects of ultrasonic waves and spraying for cleaning. This type is suitable for large items or items with complex surface shapes that are difficult to fully immerse in cleaning solution, such as automotive parts, large molds, etc.

循环式超声波清洗机：配备有清洗液循环系统，清洗液在清洗槽和循环系统之间不断循环流动。循环系统中通常包含过滤器，能够去除清洗液中的杂质，保证清洗液的清洁度，从而提高清洗效果和延长清洗液的使用寿命。常用于大规模生产的工业清洗场合，如电子制造、五金加工等行业。

Circulating ultrasonic cleaning machine: equipped with a cleaning solution circulation system, the cleaning solution continuously circulates between the cleaning tank and the circulation system. The circulation system usually includes filters that can remove impurities from the cleaning solution, ensure the cleanliness of the cleaning solution, thereby improving the cleaning effect and extending the service life of the cleaning solution. Commonly used in large-scale industrial cleaning applications, such as electronic manufacturing, hardware processing, and other industries.

按频率分类：

Classified by frequency:

低频超声波清洗机：频率一般在 20 - 40kHz 之间，低频超声波的空化作用较强，能够产生较大的冲击力，适用于清洗表面污垢较厚、质地较硬的物品，如金属零件表面的油污、铁锈等。

Low frequency ultrasonic cleaning machine: The frequency is generally between 20-40kHz, and the cavitation effect of low-frequency ultrasonic waves is strong, which can generate a large impact force. It is suitable for cleaning objects with thick surface dirt and hard texture, such as oil stains, rust, etc. on the surface of metal parts.

高频超声波清洗机：频率通常在 100kHz 以上，高频超声波的方向性好，能够深入到微小的缝隙和孔洞中进行清洗，但空化作用相对较弱。适用于清洗精密电子元件、光学仪器等对表面精度要求较高的物品。

High frequency ultrasonic cleaning machine: The frequency is usually above 100kHz. High frequency ultrasonic waves have good directionality and can penetrate into small gaps and holes for cleaning, but the cavitation effect is relatively weak. Suitable for cleaning precision electronic components, optical instruments, and other items that require high surface accuracy.

扫频超声波清洗机：这种清洗机的频率可以在一定范围内自动扫描变化，综合了低频和高频超声波的优点，能够更全面地覆盖清洗物品的表面，提高清洗效果，减少清洗盲区。适用于对清洗效果要求较高且物品形状复杂的清洗任务。

Scanning frequency ultrasonic cleaning machine: This type of cleaning machine can automatically scan and change its frequency within a certain range, combining the advantages of low-frequency and high-frequency ultrasonic waves. It can cover the surface of the cleaned items more comprehensively, improve the cleaning effect, and reduce cleaning blind spots. Suitable for cleaning tasks that require high cleaning efficiency and complex item shapes.

优势特点

Advantages and Characteristics

清洗效果好：能够深入到物品的细微缝隙和孔洞中，去除传统清洗方法难以触及部位的污垢，清洗效果显著优于手工清洗和其他普通清洗方式。例如，在清洗手表机芯等精密零件时，超声波清洗机可以彻底清除零件表面和内部的油污、灰尘等杂质，使零件恢复到良好的工作状态。

Good cleaning effect: It can penetrate into the subtle gaps and holes of objects, removing dirt that is difficult to reach with traditional cleaning methods. The cleaning effect is significantly better than manual cleaning and other ordinary cleaning methods. For example, when cleaning precision parts such as watch movements, ultrasonic cleaning machines can thoroughly remove impurities such as oil and dust from the surface and interior of the parts, restoring them to a good working condition.

清洗速度快：利用超声波的空化作用，能够在短时间内完成清洗任务，大大提高了清洗效率。相比手工清洗，超声波清洗机可以在几分钟到几十分钟内完成清洗，而手工清洗可能需要数小时甚至更长时间。

Fast cleaning speed: By utilizing the cavitation effect of ultrasound, cleaning tasks can be completed in a short period of time, greatly improving cleaning efficiency. Compared to manual cleaning, ultrasonic cleaning machines can complete cleaning in minutes to tens of minutes, while manual cleaning may take several hours or even longer.

不损伤物品：虽然超声波的空化作用能够产生强大的冲击力，但这种冲击力是微观层面的，并且均匀分布在清洗液中，不会对物品表面造成明显的划伤或损坏。对于一些表面精度要求较高的物品，如光学镜片、精密仪器等，超声波清洗机是一种理想的清洗方式。

Non damaging items: Although the cavitation effect of ultrasound can generate strong impact force, this impact force is microscopic and evenly distributed in the cleaning solution, without causing significant scratches or damage to the surface of the item. For some items that require high surface accuracy, such as optical lenses, precision instruments, etc., ultrasonic cleaning machines are an ideal cleaning method.

适用范围广：可以清洗各种材质的物品，包括金属、塑料、玻璃、陶瓷等，适用于电子、机械、医疗、光学、珠宝首饰等多个行业。无论是大型的机械设备零件，还是微小的电子元件，都可以通过超声波清洗机进行有效的清洗。

Wide applicability: It can clean items of various materials, including metal, plastic, glass, ceramics, etc., suitable for multiple industries such as electronics, machinery, medical, optics, jewelry, etc. Both large mechanical equipment parts and small electronic components can be effectively cleaned using ultrasonic cleaning machines.

环保节能：使用水基清洗液或环保型有机溶剂作为清洗介质，相比传统的化学清洗方法，减少了对环境的污染。同时，超声波清洗机的功率相对较低，运行成本不高，具有较好的节能效果。

Environmental protection and energy conservation: Using water-based cleaning solutions or environmentally friendly organic solvents as cleaning media reduces environmental pollution compared to traditional chemical cleaning methods. At the same time, ultrasonic cleaning machines have relatively low power, low operating costs, and good energy-saving effects.

应用领域

application area 

电子行业：用于清洗电路板、电子元器件、半导体芯片等。在电路板制造过程中，超声波清洗机可以去除电路板表面的助焊剂、油污、灰尘等杂质，保证电路板的电气性能和可靠性。对于电子元器件，如电容、电阻、电感等，清洗可以去除生产过程中残留的杂质，提高元器件的质量和稳定性。

Electronics industry: used for cleaning circuit boards, electronic components, semiconductor chips, etc. During the manufacturing process of circuit boards, ultrasonic cleaning machines can remove impurities such as solder flux, oil stains, and dust from the surface of the circuit board, ensuring its electrical performance and reliability. For electronic components such as capacitors, resistors, inductors, etc., cleaning can remove residual impurities during the production process, improve the quality and stability of the components.

机械行业：主要清洗各种机械零件，如发动机零部件、齿轮、轴承、模具等。在机械加工过程中，零件表面会附着切削液、油污、铁屑等杂质，超声波清洗机可以快速、彻底地清除这些杂质，保证零件的精度和使用寿命。对于模具，清洗后可以去除表面的脱模剂和污垢，提高模具的重复使用性能。

Mechanical industry: mainly cleans various mechanical parts, such as engine components, gears, bearings, molds, etc. During the machining process, impurities such as cutting fluid, oil stains, and iron filings may adhere to the surface of the parts. Ultrasonic cleaning machines can quickly and thoroughly remove these impurities, ensuring the accuracy and service life of the parts. For molds, cleaning can remove surface release agents and dirt, improving the reusability of the mold.

医疗行业：用于清洗医疗器械、手术器械、牙科器具等。医疗器械的清洗要求非常严格，必须保证彻底清除表面的污垢、血迹、细菌等，以防止交叉感染。超声波清洗机能够深入到器械的缝隙和管道中进行清洗，配合适当的清洗剂和消毒措施，可以达到良好的清洗和消毒效果。

Medical industry: used for cleaning medical equipment, surgical instruments, dental appliances, etc. The cleaning requirements for medical devices are very strict, and it is necessary to ensure the thorough removal of dirt, blood stains, bacteria, etc. on the surface to prevent cross infection. Ultrasonic cleaning machines can penetrate deep into the gaps and pipelines of instruments for cleaning, and with appropriate cleaning agents and disinfection measures, can achieve good cleaning and disinfection effects.

光学行业：清洗光学镜片、镜头、棱镜等光学元件。光学元件的表面精度要求极高，任何微小的污垢或划痕都可能影响其光学性能。超声波清洗机可以在不损伤光学元件表面的前提下，有效地去除表面的灰尘、油污和指纹等杂质，保证光学元件的清晰度和成像质量。

Optical industry: Cleaning optical components such as lenses, lenses, prisms, etc. The surface accuracy of optical components requires extremely high precision, and any small dirt or scratches may affect their optical performance. Ultrasonic cleaning machine can effectively remove dust, oil stains, fingerprints and other impurities on the surface of optical components without damaging them, ensuring the clarity and imaging quality of optical components.

珠宝首饰行业：清洗各种珠宝首饰，如项链、手链、耳环、戒指等。珠宝首饰在佩戴过程中会沾染灰尘、油污和人体分泌物等，超声波清洗机可以快速、安全地去除这些污垢，使珠宝首饰恢复光泽和亮度。同时，对于一些镶嵌宝石的首饰，超声波清洗机也不会对宝石造成损伤。

Jewelry industry: Clean various types of jewelry, such as necklaces, bracelets, earrings, rings, etc. Jewelry can be contaminated with dust, oil, and human secretions during wearing. Ultrasonic cleaning machines can quickly and safely remove these dirt, restoring the luster and brightness of jewelry. Meanwhile, for some jewelry inlaid with gemstones, ultrasonic cleaning machines will not cause damage to the gemstones.

维护要点

Maintenance points

清洗液的更换和补充：定期检查清洗液的清洁度和浓度，根据使用情况及时更换或补充清洗液。一般来说，水基清洗液的更换周期为 1 - 2 周，具体时间取决于清洗物品的污垢程度和清洗频率。在更换清洗液时，要彻底排空清洗槽内的旧清洗液，并对清洗槽进行清洗，以防止杂质残留影响新清洗液的清洗效果。

Replacement and replenishment of cleaning solution: Regularly check the cleanliness and concentration of the cleaning solution, and replace or replenish it in a timely manner according to usage. Generally speaking, the replacement cycle of water-based cleaning solution is 1-2 weeks, depending on the degree of dirt on the cleaning items and the frequency of cleaning. When replacing the cleaning solution, it is necessary to thoroughly drain the old cleaning solution from the cleaning tank and clean the tank to prevent impurities from remaining and affecting the cleaning effect of the new cleaning solution.

清洗槽的清洁：定期对清洗槽进行清洁，去除槽壁和底部的污垢、沉积物等。可以使用软布或刷子蘸取适量的清洁剂进行擦拭，避免使用尖锐的工具刮擦清洗槽表面，以免造成损伤。清洗槽的排水口要保持畅通，防止堵塞。

Cleaning of the cleaning tank: Regularly clean the cleaning tank to remove dirt, sediment, etc. from the tank walls and bottom. You can use a soft cloth or brush dipped in an appropriate amount of cleaning agent to wipe, avoiding using sharp tools to scratch the surface of the cleaning tank to prevent damage. The drainage outlet of the cleaning tank should be kept unobstructed to prevent blockage.

超声波发生器和换能器的维护：定期检查超声波发生器和换能器的工作状态，确保它们正常运行。如果发现超声波发生器发出异常声音或指示灯闪烁，可能是设备出现故障，需要及时进行检修。换能器要避免受到撞击和损坏，定期检查其与清洗槽的连接是否牢固。

Maintenance of ultrasonic generators and transducers: Regularly check the working status of ultrasonic generators and transducers to ensure their normal operation. If abnormal sound or flashing indicator light is found in the ultrasonic generator, it may be a malfunction of the equipment and requires timely maintenance. The transducer should be protected from impact and damage, and its connection to the cleaning tank should be regularly checked for firmness.

电气系统的检查：定期检查超声波清洗机的电气系统，包括电源线、插头、开关、控制器等部件，确保电气连接牢固，无松动、短路等安全隐患。同时，要注意保持电气系统的干燥，避免水或其他液体进入电气部件，防止发生触电事故。

Electrical system inspection: Regularly inspect the electrical system of the ultrasonic cleaning machine, including power cords, plugs, switches, controllers, and other components, to ensure that the electrical connections are firm and free of safety hazards such as looseness and short circuits. At the same time, attention should be paid to keeping the electrical system dry, avoiding water or other liquids from entering electrical components, and preventing electric shock accidents.

设备的存放：如果超声波清洗机长时间不使用，要将清洗液排空，对清洗槽和设备进行清洁和干燥处理，然后将设备存放在干燥、通风的环境中，避免设备受潮生锈或受到其他损坏。

Storage of equipment: If the ultrasonic cleaner is not used for a long time, the cleaning solution should be drained, the cleaning tank and equipment should be cleaned and dried, and then the equipment should be stored in a dry and ventilated environment to avoid moisture, rust or other damage.

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