1．按照清洗精度的要求不同，主要分为一般工业清洗，精密工业清洗和超精密工业清洗三大类。

1. According to the different requirements of cleaning accuracy, it can be divided into three categories: general industrial cleaning, precision industrial cleaning and ultra precision industrial cleaning.

一般工业清洗包括车辆，轮船、飞机表面的清洗，一般只能去掉比较粗大的污垢；

General industrial cleaning includes the cleaning of the surface of vehicles, ships and airplanes, which can only remove relatively coarse dirt;

精密工业清洗包括各种产品加工生产过程中的清洗，各种材料及设备表面的清洗等，以能够去除微小的污垢粒子为特点；

Precision industrial cleaning includes the cleaning of various products in the process of production, the cleaning of various materials and equipment surface, etc., which is characterized by the ability to remove tiny dirt particles;

超精密清洗包括精密工业生产过程中对机械零件、电子元件，光学部件等的超精密清洗，以清除极微小污垢颗粒为目的。

Ultra precision cleaning includes the ultra precision cleaning of mechanical parts, electronic components, optical components, etc. in the process of precision industrial production, in order to remove very small dirt particles.

2．根据清洗方法的不同，也可以分为物理清洗和化学清洗：利用力学、声学、光学，电学、热学的原理，依靠外来能量的作用，如机械摩擦、超声波、负压、高压．)中击。紫外线、蒸汽等去除物体表面污垢的方法叫物理清洗；依靠化学反应的作用，利用化学药品或其它溶剂清除物体表面污垢的方法叫化学清洗．如用各种无机或有机酸去除物体表面的锈迹、水垢，用氧化剂去除物体表面的色斑，用杀菌剂。消毒剂杀灭微生物并去除霉斑等．物理清洗和化学清洗都存在着各自的优缺点，又具有很好的互补性。在实际应用过程中，通常都是把两者结合起来使用，以获得更好的清洗效果。

2. According to the different cleaning methods, it can also be divided into physical cleaning and chemical cleaning: using the principles of mechanics, acoustics, optics, electricity and heat, relying on the role of external energy, such as mechanical friction, ultrasonic, negative pressure and high pressure. Ultraviolet, steam and other methods to remove surface dirt are called physical cleaning; Depending on the action of chemical reaction, the method of using chemicals or other solvents to remove the dirt on the surface of objects is called chemical cleaning. For example, various inorganic or organic acids are used to remove the rust and scale on the surface of objects, oxidants are used to remove the color spots on the surface of objects, and bactericides are used. Physical cleaning and chemical cleaning have their own advantages and disadvantages, and they are complementary. In the process of practical application, the two are usually combined to obtain better cleaning effect.

3．根据清洗媒介的不同，又可以分为湿式清洗和干式清洗：一般将在液体介质中进行的清洗称为湿式清洗，在气体介质中进行的清洗称为干式清洗．传统的清洗方式大多为湿式清洗，而人们比较容易理解的干式清洗也就是吸尘器．但近年来，干式清洗发展迅速．如激光清 洗．紫外线清洗，等离子清洗、干冰清洗等，在高。精，尖工业技术领域得到快速发展。

3. According to the different cleaning media, it can be divided into wet cleaning and dry cleaning: generally, the cleaning in liquid medium is called wet cleaning, and the cleaning in gas medium is called dry cleaning. The traditional cleaning method is mostly wet cleaning, and the dry cleaning which is easy to understand is vacuum cleaner, Dry cleaning is developing rapidly, such as laser cleaning, ultraviolet cleaning, plasma cleaning, dry ice cleaning, etc. The field of fine and sharp industrial technology has developed rapidly.

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