超声波清洗机是利用超声波在液体中的社会化作用、加速度作用及直进流作用对液体和污物直接、间接的作用，使污物层被分散、乳化、剥离而达到清洗目的。目前所用的超声波清洗机中，空化作用和直进流作用应用得更多。

Ultrasonic cleaning machine is the use of ultrasonic socialization in the liquid, acceleration and straight into the role of liquid and dirt direct and indirect role, so that the dirt layer is dispersed, emulsified, stripped to achieve the purpose of cleaning. At present, cavitation and direct inflow are widely used in ultrasonic cleaning machines.

（1）空化作用：空化作用就是超声波以每秒两万次以上的压缩力和减压力交互性的高频变换方式向液体进行透射。在减压力作用时，液体中产生真空核群泡的现象，在压缩力作用时，真空核群泡受压力压碎时产生强大的冲击力，由此剥离被清洗物表面的污垢，从而达到精密洗净目的。

(1) Cavitation: cavitation is the transmission of ultrasonic wave to the liquid by the high frequency transformation of the interaction of compression force and pressure reduction more than 20000 times per second. When the pressure is reduced, the vacuum core group bubbles will appear in the liquid. When the pressure is applied, the vacuum core group bubbles will have a strong impact when they are crushed by the pressure, so as to peel off the dirt on the surface of the object to be cleaned, so as to achieve the purpose of precise cleaning.

在超声波清洗过程中，肉眼能看见的泡并不是真空核群泡，而是空气气泡，它对空化作用产生抑制作用降低清洗效率。只有液体中的空气气泡被完全脱走，空化作用的真空核群泡才能达到佳效果。

In the process of ultrasonic cleaning, the bubbles visible to the naked eye are not vacuum nuclear group bubbles, but air bubbles, which inhibit cavitation and reduce cleaning efficiency. Only when the air bubbles in the liquid are completely removed, the cavitation effect of vacuum core group bubbles can achieve the best effect.

（2）直进流作用：超声波在液体中沿声的传播方向产生流动的现象称为直进流。声波强度在0.5W/cm2时，肉眼能看到直进流，垂直于振动面产生流动，流速约为10cm/s。通过此直进流使被清洗物表面的微油污垢被搅拌，污垢表面的清洗液也产生对流，溶解污物的溶解液与新液混合，使溶解速度加快，对污物的搬运起着很大的作用。

(2) Straight inflow: the phenomenon that ultrasonic wave flows along the sound propagation direction in liquid is called straight inflow. When the intensity of acoustic wave is 0.5w/cm2, the straight flow can be seen by naked eye, and the flow is perpendicular to the vibrating surface, and the flow velocity is about 10cm / s. Through this straight forward flow, the micro oil dirt on the surface of the object to be cleaned is stirred, and the cleaning liquid on the dirt surface also has convection. The dissolving liquid dissolving the dirt is mixed with the new liquid, so that the dissolving speed is accelerated, which plays a great role in the transportation of the dirt.

（3）加速度：液体粒子推动产生的加速度。对于频率较高的超声波清洗机，空化作用就很不显着了，这时的清洗主要靠液体粒子超声作用下的加速度撞击粒子对污物进行超精密清洗。

(3) Acceleration: the acceleration of liquid particles. For the ultrasonic cleaning machine with higher frequency, the cavitation effect is not significant. At this time, the cleaning mainly relies on the acceleration of liquid particles under the ultrasonic effect to impact particles to clean the dirt.