超声波清洗机在CSSD中得到了广泛的应用，但对超声波清洗机的理解和监控似乎远不如自动清洗机。如果大家都知道超声波清洗的主要机理是“空化效应”，那我们就来问自己一个问题：什么是空化效应

Ultrasonic cleaning machine has been widely used in CSSD, but the understanding and monitoring of ultrasonic cleaning machine seems far less than automatic cleaning machine. If we all know that the main mechanism of ultrasonic cleaning is "cavitation effect", let's ask ourselves a question: what is cavitation effect

超声波是一种机械波，可以分为两种类型。其中一种叫做横波，就像水波和小麦风浪一样。波浪上方的每一点都是上下起伏的，垂直于其传播方向，会产生波峰和波谷。另一种叫做纵波，类似于弹簧振动。波上各点的运动方向与其传播方向一致，产生稀疏部分和密集部分。超声波是一种产生空化效应的方法

Ultrasonic wave is a kind of mechanical wave, which can be divided into two types. One of them is called shear wave, just like water wave and wheat wind wave. Every point above the wave is undulating up and down, perpendicular to its propagation direction, will produce a crest and trough. The other is called longitudinal wave, which is similar to spring vibration. The motion direction of each point on the wave is consistent with its propagation direction, resulting in sparse part and dense part. Ultrasonic wave is a method to produce cavitation effect

将液体加入罐中，通电后将电能转化为超声波的机械能。由于超声波是一种密度变化，液体的压力也随之变化。在某一点上，当液体处于稀疏部分时，压力相当于负压，水被“撕开”，中间出现真空气泡；然后点变为稠密部分，压缩力增大，小的真空气泡在声场的作用下被向内挤压破裂，气泡在液体中不断产生，迅速长大，然后突然闭合。在关闭瞬间，产生强烈的冲击波，在冲击波的作用下，污垢层被剥离。这是“空化”的过程

The liquid is added into the tank, and the electric energy is converted into the mechanical energy of ultrasonic after being electrified. Because ultrasonic wave is a kind of density change, the pressure of liquid also changes. At a certain point, when the liquid is in the sparse part, the pressure is equivalent to the negative pressure, the water is "torn", and a vacuum bubble appears in the middle; Then the point becomes dense part, the compression force increases, the small vacuum bubble is squeezed inward and ruptured under the action of sound field, the bubble is constantly generated in the liquid, grows rapidly, and then suddenly closes. At the moment of closing, a strong shock wave is generated. Under the action of the shock wave, the dirt layer is peeled off. This is the process of "cavitation"

需要注意的是，这里的“气泡”和“爆炸”不同于我们每天看到的“气球吹”和“气球爆炸”。水更流动，因为水里没有空间。它只是一个被纵波形成的相对负压撕裂的小空间。它的爆炸不是向外爆炸，而是向内收缩，恢复液体的连续状态

It should be noted that the "bubble" and "explosion" here are different from the "balloon blowing" and "balloon explosion" we see every day. The water is more fluid because there is no space in it. It is just a small space torn by the relative negative pressure formed by the longitudinal wave. Its explosion is not outward explosion, but inward contraction, to restore the continuous state of liquid

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