一工作压力

Work pressure

高压清洗机的工作压力应根据结垢性质合理选择。

The working pressure of the high-pressure cleaning machine should be reasonably selected based on the nature of scaling.

目前高压清洗机的清洗压力大致可以分为三类：

At present, the cleaning pressure of high-pressure cleaning machines can be roughly divided into three categories:

1）低压（100bar以下）

1) Low pressure (below 100bar)

这种清洗机压力通常在100bar以下，水泵大多数为低压往复泵或者是离心泵，清洗对象一般是污染不太严重的污垢。

This type of cleaning machine usually has a pressure below 100 bar, and most water pumps are low-pressure reciprocating pumps or centrifugal pumps. The cleaning object is usually dirt with less severe pollution.

2）高压（100bar-1000bar）

2) High pressure (100bar-1000bar)

这个压力段属于高压清洗机，工作压力范围是100bar-1000bar之间，水泵大多数是高压往复泵。清洗对象通常是污染较为严重的污垢。

This pressure range belongs to the high-pressure cleaning machine, with a working pressure range of 100-1000bar. Most water pumps are high-pressure reciprocating pumps. The cleaning object is usually heavily contaminated dirt.

3）超高压（1000bar以上）

3) Ultra high pressure (above 1000bar)

工作压力大于1000bar的清洗机可以称为超高压清洗机，设备核心多为增压器或者是超高压往复泵。清洗对象通常是污染非常严重的污垢。

A cleaning machine with a working pressure greater than 1000 bar can be called an ultra-high pressure cleaning machine, and the equipment core is mostly a booster or an ultra-high pressure reciprocating pump. The cleaning object is usually heavily contaminated dirt.

高压清洗机剥离能力与工作压力的关系如下：

The relationship between the stripping capacity of high-pressure cleaning machines and working pressure is as follows:

1）工作压力100bar，可用于剥离淤泥和疏松的岩层。

1) Working pressure of 100 bar, can be used to remove silt and loose rock layers.

2）工作压力210bar，可用于剥离轻度船舶垢污和轻度燃料油残留物及铝制散热器及壳体。

2) Working pressure of 210 bar, can be used to remove mild ship fouling, mild fuel oil residue, and aluminum radiators and casings.

3）工作压力320bar，可用于剥离普通衍生物砂石和泥石层疏松的混凝土轻度热轧钢淀氧化层及疏松的漆层和锈层。

3) Working pressure of 320bar, it can be used to peel off the loose concrete layer of ordinary derivatives such as sand, gravel, and debris. It can also be used for mild hot-rolled steel lake oxidation layer, loose paint layer, and rust layer.

4）工作压力400-700bar，可用于剥离管内混凝土铸铁件模型跑道除胶轻基石灰石石子层及焦油沉积物和常见石化垢层。

4) The working pressure is 400-700 bar, which can be used to peel off the concrete cast iron model runway inside the pipe, remove the light base limestone sub layer, tar deposits, and common petrochemical scale layers.

5）工作压力700-1050bar，可用于混凝土切割和剥离厚漆层石灰石大量热轧钢锭氧化皮矽土型芯燃烧碳沉积物及厚层煤渣。

5) The working pressure is 700-1050 bar, which can be used for concrete cutting and peeling thick paint layer limestone. A large amount of hot-rolled steel ingots with oxide skin and silica core are burned with carbon deposits and thick coal slag.

6）工作压力1000-2100bar，可用于剥离花岗石大理石石灰岩船舶的环氧基漆以及铅板铝板橡胶冷冻食品等的切割。

6) Working pressure of 1000-2100 bar, it can be used for peeling epoxy paint on granite, marble, limestone ships, as well as cutting lead, aluminum, rubber, frozen food, etc.

高压清洗机

High pressure cleaning machine

二实际流量

2. Actual flow rate

高压清洗机清洗作业时的实际流量一般取决于原始的额定流量，计算时可以采用以下公式：

The actual flow rate during the cleaning operation of a high-pressure cleaning machine generally depends on the original rated flow rate, and the following formula can be used for calculation:

公式（1）中U—流量，m/s；Ρ—工作压力，MPa；ρ—液流密度，kg/m?。

In formula (1), U - flow rate, m/s; Ρ— Working pressure, MPa; ρ— Liquid flow density, kg/m?.

三载荷面所受的打击力

The impact force on the three load surfaces

高压水射流连续打击平坦表面时，载荷面所受的打击力F的经验计算公式如下：

The empirical formula for calculating the impact force F on the load surface when a high-pressure water jet continuously hits a flat surface is as follows:

公式（2）中F—载荷面所受打击力，Ν；Α—喷嘴的截面积，m?；Ρ—工作压力，MPa。

In formula (2), F - the impact force on the load surface, Ν；Α— The cross-sectional area of the nozzle, m?; Ρ— Working pressure, MPa.

四喷射距离

Four spray distances

高压水射流喷射距离是指喷嘴到清洗表面的距离，它的大小对清洗质量有很大的影响。当喷射距离增大时，高压水射流到被清洗表面的扩散程度会增大，也是说增大了射流功率的损失。而当喷射距离减小时，单位时间内除垢面积也会随之减小。所以，如果喷射距离过大或者过小都会降低清洗效率。经过试验证明，一般机体表面油船类的清洗，喷射距离在（150-300）D范围内比较好。其中D是喷嘴的出口直径。

The high-pressure water jet spraying distance refers to the distance from the nozzle to the cleaning surface, and its size has a significant impact on the cleaning quality. When the spraying distance increases, the diffusion degree of high-pressure water jet to the cleaned surface will increase, which also increases the loss of jet power. When the spraying distance decreases, the scale removal area per unit time will also decrease. So, if the spraying distance is too large or too small, it will reduce the cleaning efficiency. After testing, it has been proven that the cleaning of oil tankers on the surface of general aircraft bodies is better within the range of (150-300) D. Where D is the outlet diameter of the nozzle.

五入射角

Five incidence angles

根据试验和经验的数据表明，清洗油脂表面时，入射角为17度合适。

According to experimental and empirical data, it is appropriate to have an incidence angle of 17 degrees when cleaning the surface of grease.