做机加工、汽配、五金件的人对清洗这道工序都不陌生。工件加工完，表面带着切削液、铁屑、油污，不洗干净直接影响下一道装配或者涂装的质量。很多企业选清洗设备的时候，第一反应是看价格和外形，觉得能喷水、能转起来就行。真用起来才发现，清洗效果不稳定、水耗电耗高、废水处理麻烦，甚至洗完的工件表面还残留水渍和颗粒，等于白洗。喷淋清洗机选型，有几个关键点绕不开。

People who work in machining, automotive parts, and hardware are all familiar with the cleaning process. After the workpiece is processed, the surface is covered with cutting fluid, iron filings, and oil stains. If not cleaned thoroughly, it directly affects the quality of the next assembly or coating. When many companies choose cleaning equipment, their first reaction is to look at the price and appearance, thinking that it only needs to be able to spray water and rotate. I only realized after using it that the cleaning effect is unstable, the water and electricity consumption is high, the wastewater treatment is troublesome, and even the surface of the cleaned workpiece still has water stains and particles, which is equivalent to white washing. There are several key points that cannot be avoided when selecting a spray cleaning machine.

先分清楚喷淋和超声波的分工，别指望一台设备包打天下。 喷淋清洗靠的是高压水流冲击工件表面，适合去除大面积、附着力不强的油污和颗粒，对形状简单、表面平整的工件效率很高。但如果是盲孔、深槽、螺纹这些复杂结构，喷淋的水柱打不进去，就得靠超声波的空化作用来剥离污垢。实际生产中，很多清洗线是“超声波预洗+喷淋漂洗+热风烘干”的组合，超声波负责把死角里的脏东西震出来，喷淋负责把松动的污垢冲走。选型时要根据工件的几何特征来判断，不能只看清洗机的名字。

First, clarify the division of labor between spray and ultrasonic, don't expect one device to dominate the world. Spray cleaning relies on high-pressure water flow to impact the surface of the workpiece, which is suitable for removing large areas of oil stains and particles with weak adhesion. It is highly efficient for workpieces with simple shapes and smooth surfaces. But if it is a complex structure such as blind holes, deep grooves, or threads, the spraying water column cannot penetrate, so the cavitation effect of ultrasonic waves must be used to remove dirt. In actual production, many cleaning lines are a combination of "ultrasonic pre washing+spray rinsing+hot air drying". Ultrasonic waves are responsible for shaking out dirt in dead corners, while sprays are responsible for washing away loose dirt. When selecting, it is necessary to judge based on the geometric characteristics of the workpiece, not just the name of the cleaning machine.

喷淋压力、温度和喷嘴布局，决定了清洗效果的上限。 喷淋清洗的核心参数是压力、流量和温度。压力太低冲不掉油污，压力太高可能损伤工件表面或者造成变形；水温一般控制在50到70摄氏度之间，温度高了油脂容易乳化，但太高能耗也上去了。喷嘴的布局更关键——工件在输送带上通过时，上下左右都要有喷嘴覆盖，不能有死角。有些设备喷嘴数量看着不少，但角度没调好，实际喷到工件上的有效水流有限。另外，喷嘴容易堵塞，水质不好的情况下要配过滤装置，否则用不了多久喷淋效果就衰减了。

The spray pressure, temperature, and nozzle layout determine the upper limit of the cleaning effect. The core parameters of spray cleaning are pressure, flow rate, and temperature. Too low pressure cannot remove oil stains, while too high pressure may damage the surface of the workpiece or cause deformation; The water temperature is generally controlled between 50 and 70 degrees Celsius. If the temperature is too high, the oil is prone to emulsification, but it also increases energy consumption. The layout of the nozzle is more crucial - when the workpiece passes through the conveyor belt, there should be nozzles covering all directions, without any dead corners. Some devices may have a large number of nozzles, but the angles are not adjusted properly, resulting in limited effective water flow when sprayed onto the workpiece. In addition, the nozzle is prone to clogging, and in cases of poor water quality, a filtering device should be installed, otherwise the spraying effect will deteriorate in no time.

漂洗和烘干环节，是很多清洗线被忽视的短板。 清洗完不漂洗干净，工件表面残留清洗剂，烘干后会出现水渍、白斑，影响后续涂装附着力。漂洗一般用去离子水或者纯水，电导率要控制在一定范围内。烘干环节如果温度和时间不够，工件带水进入下一道工序，容易生锈或者导致涂装起泡。有些企业把注意力都放在清洗段，漂洗和烘干随便配配，结果清洗质量卡在这非常后两步上。

The rinsing and drying processes are often overlooked shortcomings in many cleaning lines. If the cleaning is not thoroughly rinsed after cleaning, residual cleaning agents will remain on the surface of the workpiece. After drying, water stains and white spots will appear, which will affect the adhesion of subsequent coating. Rinsing usually uses deionized water or pure water, and the conductivity should be controlled within a certain range. If the temperature and time in the drying process are not sufficient, the workpiece will enter the next process with water, which is prone to rusting or causing coating bubbles. Some companies focus all their attention on the cleaning stage, mixing rinsing and drying randomly, resulting in the cleaning quality being stuck in these last two steps.

废水和能耗，是长期运行的成本大头。 喷淋清洗用水量不小，如果直接排放，环保上过不去；如果循环使用，水里的油污和颗粒会越积越多，影响清洗效果。合理的做法是配油水分离和过滤装置，延长清洗液的使用周期。加热环节的能耗也不容忽视，槽体保温、热回收这些设计看着不起眼，一年下来电费差距不小。选型时问清楚水耗、电耗和废水处理方案，比只看设备报价更有意义。

Wastewater and energy consumption are the major costs of long-term operation. The water consumption for spray cleaning is not small. If it is directly discharged, it will not be environmentally friendly; If recycled, oil stains and particles in the water will accumulate more and more, affecting the cleaning effect. A reasonable approach is to install oil-water separation and filtration devices to extend the service life of the cleaning solution. The energy consumption of the heating process cannot be ignored, and the design of tank insulation and heat recovery may seem insignificant, resulting in a significant difference in electricity bills over the course of a year. It is more meaningful to clarify the water consumption, electricity consumption, and wastewater treatment plan when selecting, rather than just looking at the equipment quotation.

喷淋清洗是制造流程里的一道辅助工序，但辅助工序出问题，主工序的质量也跟着受影响。把工件特性、清洗参数、漂洗烘干、运行成本这几件事理清楚，设备才能真正用得住。

Spray cleaning is an auxiliary process in the manufacturing process, but if there is a problem with the auxiliary process, the quality of the main process will also be affected. Only by understanding the characteristics of the workpiece, cleaning parameters, rinsing and drying, and operating costs can the equipment truly be used.

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